Hip arthritis, commonly referred to as hip osteoarthritis (OA), is a degenerative joint condition that affects the cartilage within the hip joint. Cartilage serves as a cushion between bones, and as it deteriorates, inflammation increases in the joint, leading to pain, stiffness, and restricted movement. While aging is a significant factor, other contributors include genetics, joint injuries, repetitive stress, obesity, and muscle imbalances.
What is Hip Arthritis?
Recognising early signs of hip arthritis is crucial for effective management. Symptoms may include:
Pain in the hip joint, often radiating to the groin or thigh
Stiffness, especially after periods of inactivity
Reduced range of motion
Clicking or grinding sensations in the hip
Difficulty with weight-bearing activities such as walking or climbing stairs
These symptoms tend to worsen over time, so early intervention is key.
Symptoms of Hip Arthritis
Hip arthritis does not have a single cause but results from a combination of factors, including:
Aging: Natural wear and tear over time
Obesity: Increased joint load leads to faster cartilage breakdown
Injuries: Previous hip trauma or fractures can accelerate degeneration
Repetitive Stress: Prolonged activities that strain the hip joint, such as running or heavy lifting
Muscle Weakness: Poor hip and core stability may contribute to joint wear
Genetics: A family history of osteoarthritis may increase susceptibility
Causes and Risk Factors
A physiotherapist or doctor can diagnose hip osteoarthritis through:
Medical History Assessment: Discussing symptoms and daily limitations
Physical Examination: Checking range of motion, strength, and joint stability
Imaging Tests: X-rays to assess cartilage loss, and in some cases, MRI scans for deeper evaluation
Ruling Out Other Conditions: Blood tests may help differentiate OA from inflammatory arthritis conditions
Diagnosing Hip Arthritis
Physiotherapy and Non-Surgical Management
Physiotherapy is one of the most effective ways to manage hip arthritis, helping patients maintain mobility and reduce pain. Treatment strategies include:
Targeted Strength Training: Building strength in the glutes, quadriceps, and core for joint stability
Stretching Exercises: Improving flexibility in the hip and surrounding muscles
Low-Impact Activities: Swimming, cycling, and walking to maintain movement without excessive joint stress
Manual Therapy: Hands-on techniques to improve joint mobility and reduce stiffness
Pain Management Techniques: Ice or heat therapy to manage flare-ups
Weight Management: Reducing strain on the hip through healthy lifestyle choices
When Surgery Becomes an Option
For those with severe hip arthritis that no longer responds to conservative treatment, a hip replacement (arthroplasty) may be necessary. Surgery can significantly improve mobility and reduce pain, but post-operative rehabilitation is essential to maximise outcomes. A structured physiotherapy program following surgery will focus on regaining strength, mobility, and functional movement.
Preventing Hip Osteoarthritis Progression
Although hip arthritis cannot be completely prevented, adopting these habits can slow its progression:
Maintain a healthy weight to reduce joint stress
Engage in regular, low-impact exercise
Strengthen core and hip muscles for better support
Use proper body mechanics when lifting or moving
Seek early physiotherapy intervention if experiencing hip discomfort
Hip arthritis can impact daily life, but with the right management approach, it’s possible to stay active and reduce pain. If you’re experiencing hip discomfort, consult with a physiotherapist to develop a tailored treatment plan. Taking proactive steps now can help you maintain mobility and improve your quality of life for years to come.