Why Is Early Scoliosis Diagnosis Important?
Scoliosis, characterised by an abnormal spinal curvature, impacts approximately 2% of the population, with 10% of cases classified as severe. This condition causes the spine to form an “S” or “C” shape instead of a straight line, often with the curve peaking in the mid-back or at the thoracic-lumbar junction, but rarely affecting the neck. Scoliosis typically begins in childhood or adolescence and is often diagnosed between the ages of 10-15, affecting both boys and girls. However, girls are more likely to experience a severe progression in their scoliosis. Diagnosing scoliosis early allows for timely treatment, helping to prevent more severe curvature and the potential need for surgical intervention.
Early identification of scoliosis—especially between the ages of 11 and 14—can significantly enhance comfort, muscle strength, and mobility. Regular evaluations by a physiotherapist are crucial, as they can detect scoliosis by examining the spine, shoulders, rib cage, pelvis, legs, and feet for any asymmetry. X-rays are used to measure the angle of the curve and assess severity. For significant curvatures, especially in adolescents, a consultation with an orthopaedic spine specialist may be recommended.
Identifying Scoliosis Early
Types of Scoliosis Present in Children and Adults
Scoliosis can present in various forms, each requiring a unique treatment approach. The types of scoliosis also vary between children and adults.
Children
In children, scoliosis is categorised by age group:
Infantile (0 to 3 years)
Juvenile (3 to 10 years)
Adolescent (11 years and older, from the start of puberty until full maturity)
Most cases of scoliosis in children are idiopathic, meaning the cause is unknown. However, some cases are congenital, resulting from a malformation of the vertebrae before birth, or neuromuscular, associated with a neurological or muscular disorder.
Adults
In adults, scoliosis typically includes:
Degenerative scoliosis, which often occurs in the lower back in individuals aged 65 and older and may be linked with spinal stenosis.
Adults who had surgery for scoliosis during adolescence.
Adults who had scoliosis during childhood or adolescence but did not undergo surgery.
Structural Scoliosis is the most common type, often hereditary, and typically appears in early adolescence. Functional Scoliosis develops in adulthood due to factors such as injury or repetitive motion. Pathology-Related Scoliosis is linked to neuromuscular disorders or severe spinal injuries.
If you notice signs of scoliosis—such as uneven hips and shoulders, one shoulder blade or rib cage protruding more, or a tendency to lean to one side—seek medical advice promptly. Early diagnosis is essential to effective treatment. Monitoring through regular X-rays can track the curvature’s progression and the treatment’s effectiveness.
If you suspect scoliosis in yourself or your child, consulting with a physiotherapist or doctor is vital. Early detection and customised treatment are essential to managing this condition effectively.
Seeking Help for Scoliosis
Scoliosis treatment depends on the condition’s severity. Non-surgical options include physiotherapy, bracing, and targeted exercises. For severe cases, surgery may be necessary to correct the spine’s alignment. Consulting with healthcare professionals ensures a tailored treatment approach, making early detection and intervention key for effective scoliosis management.
Scoliosis treatment can be adapted to each patient’s needs and includes:
Physiotherapy: Focuses on pain relief, posture improvement, and preventing further curvature through strengthening and flexibility exercises.
Orthopaedic Bracing: Recommended for adolescents with developing bones to halt further curvature progression.
Surgery: Required in severe cases to realign and straighten the spine.
Rehabilitation: Post-surgical rehab to restore strength, flexibility, and function in the spine and surrounding muscles.